What is Wireless LAN and What are its Advantages?

WLAN stands for Wireless Local Area Network. It is a local area network that uses Wi-Fi technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standard to connect devices instead of cables in small areas like homes or offices. It offers flexibility, easy installation, and mobility, allowing users to access the internet and share resources without physical connections.

History of WLAN

1. Early Development (1970s): The concept of wireless LAN began with ALOHAnet, which used radio waves for data communication.

2. IEEE 802.11 Standard (1997): Introduced by IEEE, enabling wireless communication at speeds up to 2 Mbps.

3. Wi-Fi Era Begins (1999): Launch of 802.11b (11 Mbps) and formation of the Wi-Fi Alliance, making WLAN widely popular as “Wi-Fi.”

4. Advancements in Standards: 802.11g, 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4), 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5), and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) improved speed, coverage, and device compatibility.

5. Modern Innovations: Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 continue to expand wireless connectivity, making WLAN essential for modern networking.

Networking Fundamental Labs CourseEnroll in free networking fundamental lab to learn basics of networking.Explore course

Key Characteristics of WLAN

Because of its special qualities, it is perfect for both personal and professional settings. The main characteristics of WLAN are:

● Without losing connectivity, users are free to move around within range.

● Simple to scale and implement.

● No physical cords are required.

● Using current standards, it can achieve gigabit speeds.

● Accommodates numerous gadgets and programs.

Why was WLAN Created?

WLAN, or Wireless Local Area Network, was designed to give people access to the internet and networks without needing to run physical cables. This makes it easier to move around without being tied down by cables, and it helps keep spaces tidy and organized.

WLAN is especially helpful in places where it would be too expensive or difficult to install traditional wired connections. The main purpose of a WLAN is to provide flexible and reliable communication within a specific area, like a home, office, or school, allowing multiple devices to connect easily without any hassle.

What are the Different Types of WLAN?

Based on their design and modes of communication, wireless local area networks (LANs) can be divided into two primary categories:

1. Ad-Hoc WLAN

An ad-hoc WLAN enables direct connections between devices without the need for central equipment like routers or access points. This peer-to-peer network is ideal for temporary setups, such as gaming sessions or file sharing, due to its simplicity and ease of installation. However, it lacks centralized control and scalability, making it less suitable for larger networks.

2. Infrastructure-Based WLAN

Infrastructure-based WLAN uses a central Access Point (AP) to connect devices, providing improved range, security, and scalability. The AP manages network traffic and links devices to the internet or a conventional LAN. This configuration is widely utilized in public Wi-Fi networks, workplaces, schools, and residential areas, ensuring efficient communication and connectivity.

3. Mesh WLAN

Mesh WLAN, or Mesh Wireless Local Area Network, is a network setup in which multiple access points (nodes) work together to create a self-healing and decentralized network. Each node connects to others, ensuring continuous coverage even if one node fails. This design is ideal for large areas like university campuses and smart cities, offering high reliability and scalability while adapting easily to growing connectivity demands.

4. Hotspot WLAN

Hotspot WLAN provides public wireless internet access in locations like cafes, airports, and hotels through an access point. This allows multiple users to connect simultaneously, making it convenient for travelers and remote workers. However, security concerns arise from using open networks, as they can be vulnerable to unauthorized access and data interception.

WLAN Architecture

A WLAN architecture consists of components like stations, access points, service sets, and distribution systems that define how wireless devices connect and interact with the network.

1. Stations

Stations are gadgets that can connect to a WLAN because they have a wireless network interface. These could be endpoints such as laptops, smartphones, printers, or Internet of Things devices, or they could be access points (APs). Every station in the network has a distinct network address (MAC address) and performs a particular function, such as sending, receiving, or managing data.

2. Basic Service Set (BSS)

A WLAN's basic building block is called a Basic Service Set. In infrastructure mode, it is made up of a collection of stations that connect via a single access point. This group is known as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) in an ad-hoc setup, in which there is no AP. An Extended Service Set (ESS) is created when several BSSs are linked together using a common distribution system, allowing for greater wireless coverage over wider spaces like campuses or offices.

3. Distribution System

An ESS's Distribution System (DS) acts as the backbone connecting its many access points. It makes it possible for clients to roam between APs and for various BSSs to communicate with one another. The Wireless Distribution System (WDS), which connects access points via wireless signals or conventional wired Ethernet, can be used to implement the DS.

4. Access Point (AP)

An access point controls connected stations' network access and sends and receives data from them. Connection points are frequently built into wireless routers, which also offer internet connection, in homes and offices. To guarantee smooth coverage as users move between locations, several APs are set up and connected to larger networks, either wirelessly or via Ethernet cables.

5. Bridge

A bridge allows communication between wireless and wired network segments by joining a WLAN to a wired LAN. Common uses include extending network coverage, connecting two LAN segments, and combining more recent wireless components with older cable infrastructure.

6. Endpoint

Devices used by end users that create or consume network data are known as endpoints. These consist of tablets, smartphones, laptops, desktop computers, smart printers, and a variety of Internet of Things gadgets. To connect to the WLAN and use network functions like file sharing, web browsing, and cloud apps, they need access points.

How Does WLAN Work?

WLAN works by using radio waves to transmit data between devices and an access point (AP) without cables. The AP acts as a bridge, connecting wireless devices to a wired network or the internet.

Communication follows IEEE 802.11 standards using Wi-Fi technology. To prevent data collisions when multiple devices transmit simultaneously, WLAN uses CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance).

This method ensures devices check the channel before sending data, reducing interference and maintaining smooth connectivity. This setup enables multiple devices to share resources and stay connected within a coverage area.

Is WLAN the Same as Wi-Fi?

Despite their frequent similarity, there is a small distinction. Any wireless local area network that uses radio waves and is generally based on IEEE 802.11 specifications is referred to as a WLAN.

The Wi-Fi Alliance has certified Wi-Fi as a type of WLAN to guarantee performance and interoperability. Therefore, even though all Wi-Fi is a WLAN, not all WLANs are Wi-Fi, particularly those that use the same underlying technology but are not certified.

Applications of Wireless LAN in Real-World Use

1. Home Use: Connect laptops, smartphones, and smart devices without wires.

2. Offices: Enable teamwork with wireless access to files and printers.

3. Schools: Provide internet access for students and staff across campuses.

4. Public Spaces: Offer free Wi-Fi in cafes, airports, and shopping malls.

5. Healthcare: Support mobile devices and real-time patient monitoring in hospitals.

Is Wireless LAN Secure?

WLAN can be secure with proper measures. Key technologies for WLAN security include WPA2/WPA3 encryption, firewalls, and MAC address filtering to protect data and block unauthorized access. Since WLAN transmits data over the air, it’s more vulnerable than wired networks. To make WLANs secure, use complex passwords, update security settings regularly, and monitor the network for threats.

How to Set Up a WLAN?

To set up a simple WLAN:

● Select an access point or router based on your coverage requirements.

● Attach it to your wired network or modem.

● Use a browser to access the configuration interface.

● Configure a network name (SSID) and turn on WPA2 or WPA3 encryption.

● Make use of security best practices and create a strong password.

● To isolate visitor traffic, you can optionally construct a guest network.

● Verify device connections and make any necessary setting adjustments.

Advantages of WLAN

● Installation is simple and fast.

● Installation flexibility.

● Reduced expenses of ownership.

● Reliability, robustness, and mobility.

Disadvantages of WLAN

● Reduced bandwidth.

● It is less secure.

● Reduced capacity.

● Wireless networks are four times more expensive.

● Low levels of radiofrequency (RF) are released by wireless gadgets, which may be hazardous to human health.

Wireless LAN vs Wired LAN

Conclusion

These days, wireless LANs are a necessary component of any communication system. They are perfect for a wide range of settings, including homes, workplaces, hospitals, and educational institutions, because they provide flexibility, mobility, and convenience.

WLANs have many advantages, but for the best performance and security, careful planning and security setups are essential. WLANs will only become more powerful as technology advances, meeting the growing need for wireless access in our digital society.